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Average Reaction Time by Age and How to Improve It

Average human reaction time is 250-280ms. It peaks in your early 20s, then declines. See the data by age group and learn what actually improves it.

Best Crosshair Settings for Competitive FPS Games

Best crosshair settings for CS2, Valorant, and Apex Legends. Covers style, size, color, and pro settings. 73% of top CS2 pros use a static small cross or dot.

How to Compare Text and Code Files Online

Learn how diff works, how the Myers algorithm finds minimal edits, and how to compare text, code, configs, and JSON files in seconds online.

How to Compress a PDF Without Losing Quality

Reduce PDF file size by 40-70% without visible quality loss. Learn what makes PDFs large, how compression works, and when not to compress.

CPS Test: What Is Clicks Per Second and How to Improve It

Average users click 6-8 CPS. Learn what CPS is, how techniques like butterfly and jitter clicking work, and where click speed actually matters.

How to Create Animated GIFs from Images

Learn how to create animated GIFs from a series of images. Covers frame rate, file size, the 256-color limit, and when to use WebP or MP4 instead.

Free Alternatives to Adobe Acrobat in 2026

Adobe Acrobat Pro costs $239.88/year. Here are the best free alternatives for merging, compressing, converting, and signing PDFs in 2026.

Free Alternatives to Adobe Photoshop for Quick Image Edits

Photoshop costs ~$22/month. Most people use 10% of it. Here are the best free alternatives for quick edits, browser tools, and desktop apps.

Free Alternatives to remove.bg for Background Removal

remove.bg limits free users to low-res previews. These 5 alternatives remove backgrounds for free, including one that runs entirely in your browser.

Free Alternatives to Smallpdf and iLovePDF (No Limits)

Hit Smallpdf's 2-task/hour cap or iLovePDF's file size limit? Here are 5 free alternatives with no task caps, no watermarks, and no account required.

HEIC Explained: What It Is and How to Convert to JPG/PNG

HEIC files are Apple's photo format since iOS 11 (2017), storing images at half the size of JPEG. Learn why they break on Windows and how to convert them.

How Much to Tip: A Complete Guide by Country and Situation

Tipping norms by country: US 18-20%, UK 10-15%, Japan no tipping, Australia optional. Covers restaurants, hotels, taxis, and the pre-tax vs post-tax debate.

How to Improve Your Aim in FPS Games

Improve your FPS aim with proven techniques. Covers crosshair placement, eDPI, arm vs wrist aiming, aim trainer routines, and common mistakes to fix first.

How to Scale a Recipe Up or Down (Without Ruining It)

Scale recipes for any serving count using the right math. Covers leavening, eggs, spices, cooking time, pan size, and baker's percentages. With a free tool.

How to Split a Restaurant Bill Fairly (Every Method)

Even split, itemized, one person pays — all 3 bill-splitting methods explained with real math. Includes tip, tax, shared items, and awkward situations.

How to Merge PDF Files for Free (No Watermark)

Combine PDFs free without watermarks. Gmail caps attachments at 25 MB - large merges routinely hit that. Step-by-step for browser, Mac, Windows, mobile.

PDF vs Word: When to Use Each Format

PDF locks layout for sharing; DOCX stays editable for collaboration. Learn which format to use, when to convert, and the most common mistakes.

Random Picker: Spinning Wheel for Decisions, Teams, Classrooms

Use a spinning wheel picker for fair random selection. Covers classrooms, team meetings, personal choices, and how uniform randomization actually works.

How to Remove Image Backgrounds for Free

Remove image backgrounds free in seconds using AI. No signup, no upload. Works for product shots, headshots, logos. Save as transparent PNG or WebP.

SHA-256 vs MD5 vs SHA-1: Which Hash Algorithm Should You Use?

MD5 collisions were cracked in 2004. SHA-1 fell in 2017. Here's which hash algorithm is safe today and when to use SHA-256, SHA-512, or BLAKE3.

What Is a UUID? v1 vs v4 vs v7 Explained

UUID v4 is the most widely used identifier format, but RFC 9562 (2024) introduced v7. Learn when to use v1, v4, and v7 for databases and distributed systems.

WHOIS Lookup: How to Find Out Who Owns a Domain

Find out who owns any domain with WHOIS lookup. Learn what WHOIS data shows, why it's often hidden, how GDPR changed everything, and how to use it for security research.

API Authentication Methods Compared: OAuth, JWT, API Keys

Compare API authentication methods with real HTTP examples. OAuth 2.0, JWT, API keys, and session tokens explained. 78% of breaches involve weak auth.

Base64 Encoding Explained: How It Works and Why

Visual step-by-step guide to Base64 encoding. See how text becomes a 6-bit alphabet used in data URIs, JWTs, and email. Adds ~33% size overhead.

Best Free Online Developer Tools in 2026

A curated list of the best free browser-based developer tools for 2026. JSON formatters, regex testers, hash generators, UUID tools, and more — all running in your browser.

BMI Calculator: How to Calculate and Understand Your Body Mass Index

Calculate your BMI instantly with our free online calculator. Learn what BMI means, its categories, limitations, and when to consult a doctor.

BMI Chart and Alternatives: Health Metrics That Matter

BMI misclassifies roughly 54 million Americans. Compare BMI to waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage, and four other metrics doctors actually use today.

Character Encoding Explained: UTF-8, ASCII, Unicode

UTF-8, ASCII, and Unicode explained with byte-level examples. Learn why mojibake happens, how to fix encoding issues, and why UTF-8 powers 98.2% of the web.

CIDR Notation and Subnetting Made Simple

Learn CIDR notation and subnetting with visual binary breakdowns. Includes a full /8 to /32 cheat sheet covering all 25 prefix lengths and real examples.

Color Spaces Explained: sRGB, Adobe RGB, P3, and CMYK

Learn when sRGB, Adobe RGB, Display P3, and CMYK matter. Display P3 covers 25% more colors than sRGB. Includes CSS examples and conversion tips.

Color Theory for Web Designers: A Practical Guide

Learn color harmony rules with real hex values. 90% of snap judgments about products are based on color alone. Build better palettes today.

Compound Interest Explained: The Math That Makes You Rich

Learn the compound interest formula with real scenarios. $100/month grows to $227,000+ over 30 years. Includes tables, Rule of 72, and calculator.

Convert Images to WebP Format (And Why You Should)

Learn why WebP is the best image format for the web. Convert PNG and JPG to WebP instantly. Compare file sizes, quality, and browser support across all major formats.

Cron Expression Cheat Sheet: Every Schedule You'll Ever Need

Copy-paste cron expressions for every schedule from every-minute to yearly. 20+ ready-to-use examples with plain-English translations and field reference.

CSS Flexbox & Grid Cheat Sheet: Every Property Explained

Complete CSS Flexbox and Grid reference with every property, values, and visual examples. 92% of sites now use Flexbox or Grid for layout.

D&D 5e Ability Scores: What Every Stat Does and How to Build

Master D&D 5e ability scores with point buy analysis, class stat priorities, and modifier math. 74% of optimized builds start with a 16 in their primary stat.

DNS Record Types Explained: A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT

Every DNS record type explained with real dig examples. Covers A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT, NS, SOA, PTR, SRV, and CAA records used across 350M+ domains.

DPI vs PPI: Image Resolution Explained for Print and Screen

DPI vs PPI explained with real pixel math. Learn why 300 DPI matters for print, what PPI means for screens, and how to export images correctly.

EXIF Data: What Your Photos Reveal and How to Remove It

Photos embed GPS coordinates, device model, and timestamps in EXIF data. 87% of smartphone photos contain location metadata. Learn how to strip it.

The Fibonacci Sequence in Nature, Art, and Code

Explore the Fibonacci sequence from sunflower spirals to algorithm design. 92% of sunflower heads follow Fibonacci spiral patterns (Royal Society, 2016).

File Size Reference: How Big Is a Megabyte, Really?

Visual file size guide: 1 MB holds 500 text pages or 1 compressed photo. Byte to petabyte explained with real-world comparisons and storage planning tips.

FOV in FPS Games: How It Affects Your Aim and Performance

Learn how FOV affects aim, FPS, and motion sickness in shooters. Per-game FOV defaults for CS2, Valorant, Apex. 68% of pros use 100-110 HFOV.

Gaming Polling Rate Explained: 125Hz to 8000Hz

Mouse polling rate math from 125Hz to 8000Hz with real input lag data. 1000Hz adds just 1ms max delay, and 4000Hz saves 0.75ms more. Here's what matters.

Git Commands Cheat Sheet: From Basics to Advanced

Complete git cheat sheet with 50+ commands, real examples, and ASCII branch diagrams. Used by 100M+ developers worldwide. Bookmark this reference.

How Mortgage Payments Are Calculated: The Full Formula

Learn the mortgage payment formula step by step. See how a $300K loan at 6.5% becomes $1,896/month with real amortization schedules and breakdowns.

How to Compress Images Without Losing Quality

Reduce image file sizes by up to 80% without visible quality loss. Compare JPEG, PNG, and WebP formats. Step-by-step guide with a free online compression tool.

HTTP Status Codes: The Complete Reference Guide

Every HTTP status code from 1xx to 5xx explained with real-world examples. A developer reference covering all 63 standard codes used by 97% of the web.

Image Compression Explained: Lossy vs Lossless

Learn how lossy and lossless image compression work. JPEG quality 80 cuts file size 75% with no visible loss. Real size comparisons and format guide.

Image Formats Explained: PNG vs JPG vs WebP vs AVIF vs SVG

Compare PNG, JPG, WebP, AVIF, SVG, and GIF with real file sizes. WebP cuts photo size 25-35% vs JPEG. Find the right format for every use case.

JSON Formatter: How to Beautify, Validate, and Minify JSON

Format, beautify, and minify JSON instantly with our free online tool. Learn about common JSON errors, when to minify vs beautify, and best practices for working with JSON.

JSON vs XML vs YAML vs TOML: When to Use Each Format

Compare JSON, XML, YAML, and TOML with real config examples. 70% of APIs use JSON (Postman, 2025) - learn which format fits your use case.

Keyboard Shortcuts Every Professional Should Know (2026)

Master 100+ keyboard shortcuts for Windows, Mac, VS Code, browsers, and Google Docs. Shortcut users save 8 days/year per Brainscape. Full reference.

Keyboard Switches Compared: Mechanical Switch Guide for 2026

Compare Cherry MX, Gateron, and Kailh switches by actuation force, travel, and sound. Cherry MX Red actuates at 45g. Full comparison table inside.

Linux Commands Cheat Sheet: 100 Essential Terminal Commands

The 100 most-used Linux terminal commands with real examples, grouped by task. 97% of servers run Linux (W3Techs, 2025). Bookmark this reference.

Lorem Ipsum Alternatives: 30+ Placeholder Text Generators

30+ lorem ipsum alternatives from bacon to baseball. 73% of designers use placeholder text (Adobe, 2024). Find the right generator for your project.

Markdown Cheat Sheet: The Complete Syntax Reference

Every Markdown syntax element in one reference. Tables, code blocks, task lists, footnotes, and platform differences. Used by 14M+ GitHub repos.

Monitor Refresh Rates Explained: 60Hz vs 144Hz vs 240Hz vs 360Hz

Frame time math for 60Hz to 360Hz monitors with real diminishing returns data. 144Hz cuts frame time by 10ms over 60Hz, and here's what matters for gaming.

Mortgage Calculator: How to Calculate Your Monthly Repayments

Calculate your mortgage monthly payments, total interest, and see a full amortisation schedule. Compare 15, 20, 25, and 30-year mortgage terms.

Mouse Sensitivity Explained: DPI, eDPI, and cm/360

Learn how DPI, eDPI, and cm/360 work together. Pro players average 40-54 cm/360 in tactical shooters. Find your ideal gaming sensitivity with real data.

Number Systems Explained: Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hex

Learn binary, octal, decimal, and hex with step-by-step conversions. Over 60% of developer tools rely on hex notation daily. Practical examples included.

Password Security in 2026: How Long to Crack Every Combination

See exact brute-force crack times for 4-20 character passwords. An RTX 4090 cracks 8-char passwords in 22 min. Full table + defense guide.

Pomodoro Technique: The Science Behind Timed Work Sessions

Brief breaks during focused work maintain near-perfect attention (U of Illinois, 2011). Learn optimal Pomodoro durations and variations for your work type.

Probability Explained: From Coin Flips to Bayes' Theorem

Learn probability from basics to Bayes' theorem with real examples. Covers addition and multiplication rules, expected value, and the birthday problem.

QR Code Generator: How to Create Custom QR Codes for Free

Create custom QR codes instantly with our free online generator. Choose colours, sizes, and error correction levels. Perfect for business cards, menus, and marketing.

QR Code Guide: Types, Sizes, Error Correction, Best Practices

Complete QR code guide covering error correction levels, minimum print sizes, static vs dynamic codes, and security risks. 2.2B+ QR scans globally in 2025.

Regex Cheat Sheet: A Complete Guide to Regular Expressions

Master regular expressions with our comprehensive cheat sheet. Test patterns live, learn character classes, quantifiers, lookaheads, and see 10 practical examples.

Regex Patterns You'll Actually Use: Copy-Paste Ready

20+ battle-tested regex patterns for emails, URLs, phone numbers, IPs, dates, and more. Copy-paste ready with examples for developers.

Social Media Image Sizes 2026: The Complete Guide

Every social media image size for 2026 in one place. Covers Instagram, Facebook, X, LinkedIn, TikTok, YouTube, Pinterest, and Threads with pixel dimensions.

SPF, DKIM, and DMARC Explained: Stop Emails Going to Spam

How SPF, DKIM, and DMARC work together to stop email spoofing and spam folders. Google now rejects 75% of unauthenticated email from bulk senders.

SQL Cheat Sheet: Queries, Joins, Functions

SQL cheat sheet with JOIN diagrams, window functions, and query patterns. 70% of developer queries use the same 20 SQL commands (Stack Overflow, 2025).

SSL/TLS Explained: How HTTPS Actually Works

How TLS handshakes, certificate chains, and HTTPS encryption work step by step. TLS 1.3 cuts handshakes to 1 round trip, down from 2 in TLS 1.2.

Statistics Cheat Sheet: Mean, Median, Mode, Std Dev

Statistics cheat sheet with formulas, worked examples, and when to use mean vs median. 90% of data analysis uses these core measures (ASA, 2024).

Stretched Resolution in Competitive FPS: Does It Help?

Stretched resolution makes models look wider but doesn't change hitboxes. 57% of CS2 pros use 4:3 stretched. Here's what actually changes and whether it helps.

Strong Password Generator: How to Create Uncrackable Passwords in 2026

Generate secure passwords and passphrases with our free tool. Learn what makes a password strong, how crack time estimates work, and best practices for password security.

Time Zones Explained: UTC, GMT, Offsets, and DST

How the world's 24+ time zones work, why UTC and GMT differ, and how DST shifts scheduling. Covers offsets, IANA database, and conversion tips.

Two-Factor Authentication Methods Compared: SMS vs App vs Key

Compare 2FA methods side by side. SMS stops 96% of bulk attacks, but hardware keys block 100% of phishing. Full security rankings and recommendations.

Typing Speed Benchmarks: Average WPM by Profession

Real typing speed data by profession and age. The average adult types 40 WPM, but transcriptionists hit 75-100. Full WPM tables and improvement tips.

Unit Conversion Reference: Every Common Conversion Table

Complete unit conversion chart for metric to imperial, temperature, weight, volume, speed, and more. Covers 95% of real-world conversions with exact multipliers.

WCAG Contrast Ratios Explained: AA vs AAA Compliance

Learn WCAG contrast ratios with real examples. AA needs 4.5:1 for text, AAA needs 7:1. Fix failing color combos with practical tools and techniques.

WebRTC Leaks Explained: Why Your VPN Might Not Protect You

WebRTC leaks expose your real IP even with a VPN active. 23% of VPN users are vulnerable. Learn how to test and disable WebRTC in every browser.

What Is My IP Address? Public vs Private IP Explained

Find your public IP address instantly. Learn the difference between public and private IPs, how geolocation works, and how to protect your privacy online.

What Your IP Address Reveals About You (It's More Than You Think)

Your IP address exposes your city, ISP, and browsing habits to every site you visit. 76% of websites log IPs. Here's exactly what they see.